2 Chronicles 9 — GNB

² He answered them all; there was nothing too difficult for him to explain.

The Purification of the Temple

³ The queen of Sheba heard Solomon's wisdom and saw the palace he had built.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ She saw the food that was served at his table, the living quarters for his officials, the organization of his palace staff and the uniforms they wore, the clothing of the servants who waited on him at feasts, and the sacrifices he offered in the Temple. It left her breathless and amazed.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ She said to the king, “What I heard in my own country about you and your wisdom is true! ⁶ I did not believe what they told me until I came and saw for myself. I had not heard of even half your wisdom. You are even wiser than people say.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ How fortunate are those who serve you, who are always in your presence and are privileged to hear your wise sayings! ⁸ Praise the Lord your God! He has shown how pleased he is with you by making you king, to rule in his name. Because he loves his people Israel and wants to preserve them forever, he has made you their king so that you can maintain law and justice.”

The Prophet Oded

⁹ She presented to King Solomon the gifts she had brought: almost five tons of gold and a very large amount of spices and jewels. There have never been any other spices as fine as those that the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon. (

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ The sailors of King Hiram and of King Solomon who brought gold from Ophir also brought juniper wood and jewels.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Solomon used the wood to make stairs for the Temple and for his palace, and to make harps and lyres for the musicians. Nothing like that had ever been seen before in the land of Judah.) ¹² King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she asked for. This was in addition to what he gave her in exchange for the gifts she brought to him. Then she and her attendants returned to the land of Sheba.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Every year King Solomon received over twenty-five tons of gold, ¹⁴ in addition to the taxes paid by the traders and merchants. The kings of Arabia and the governors of the Israelite districts also brought him silver and gold.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ Solomon made two hundred large shields, each of which was covered with about fifteen pounds of beaten gold, ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ and three hundred smaller shields, each covered with about eight pounds of beaten gold. He had them all placed in the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon.

War against Israel

¹⁷ The king also had a large throne made. Part of it was covered with ivory and the rest of it was covered with pure gold.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Six steps led up to the throne, and there was a footstool attached to it, covered with gold. There were arms on each side of the throne, and the figure of a lion stood at each side. ¹⁹ Twelve figures of lions were on the steps, one at either end of each step. No throne like this had ever existed in any other kingdom. ²⁰ All of King Solomon's drinking cups were made of gold, and all the utensils in the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon were of pure gold. Silver was not considered valuable in Solomon's day. ²¹ He had a fleet of ocean-going ships sailing with King Hiram's fleet. Every three years his fleet would return, bringing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and monkeys.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² King Solomon was richer and wiser than any other king in the world.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ They all consulted him, to hear the wisdom that God had given him. ²⁴ Each of them brought Solomon gifts—articles of silver and gold, robes, weapons, spices, horses, and mules. This continued year after year. ²⁵ King Solomon also had four thousand stalls for his chariots and horses, and had twelve thousand cavalry horses. Some of them he kept in Jerusalem and the rest he stationed in various other cities. ²⁶ He was supreme ruler of all the kings in the territory from the Euphrates River to Philistia and the Egyptian border. ²⁷ During his reign silver was as common in Jerusalem as stone, and cedar was as plentiful as ordinary sycamore in the foothills of Judah.

The Death of Ahab

²⁸ Solomon imported horses from Musri and from every other country.

Summary of Solomon's Reign

²⁹ The rest of the history of Solomon from beginning to end is recorded in The History of Nathan the Prophet, in The Prophecy of Ahijah of Shiloh, and in The Visions of Iddo the Prophet, which also deal with the reign of King Jeroboam of Israel. ³⁰ Solomon ruled in Jerusalem over all Israel for forty years.

The End of Jehoshaphat's Reign

³¹ He died and was buried in David's City, and his son Rehoboam succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Rehoboam went to Shechem, where all the people of northern Israel had gathered to make him king.

King Jehoram of Judah

² When Jeroboam son of Nebat, who had gone to Egypt to escape from King Solomon, heard this news, he returned home.

The Purification of the Temple

³ The people of the northern tribes sent for him, and they all went together to Rehoboam and said to him,

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ “Your father placed heavy burdens on us. If you make these burdens lighter and make life easier for us, we will be your loyal subjects.”

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Rehoboam replied, “Give me three days to consider the matter. Then come back.” So the people left. ⁶ King Rehoboam consulted the older men who had served as his father Solomon's advisers. “What answer do you advise me to give these people?” he asked.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ They replied, “If you are kind to these people and try to please them by giving a considerate answer, they will always serve you loyally.” ⁸ But he ignored the advice of the older men and went instead to the young men who had grown up with him and who were now his advisers.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ “What do you advise me to do?” he asked. “What shall I say to the people who are asking me to make their burdens lighter?”

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ They replied, “This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father's waist.’

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Tell them, ‘My father placed heavy burdens on you; I will make them even heavier. He beat you with whips; I'll flog you with bullwhips!’” ¹² Three days later Jeroboam and all the people returned to King Rehoboam, as he had instructed them.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ The king ignored the advice of the older men and spoke harshly to the people, ¹⁴ as the younger men had advised. He said, “My father placed heavy burdens on you; I will make them even heavier. He beat you with whips; I'll flog you with bullwhips!”

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ It was the will of the Lord God to bring about what he had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through the prophet Ahijah from Shiloh. This is why the king did not pay any attention to the people. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ When the people saw that the king would not listen to them, they shouted, “Down with David and his family! What have they ever done for us? People of Israel, let's go home! Let Rehoboam look out for himself” So the people of Israel rebelled,

War against Israel

¹⁷ leaving Rehoboam as king only of the people who lived in the territory of Judah.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Then King Rehoboam sent Adoniram, who was in charge of the forced labor, to go to the Israelites, but they stoned him to death. At this, Rehoboam hurriedly got in his chariot and escaped to Jerusalem. ¹⁹ Ever since that time the people of the northern kingdom of Israel have been in rebellion against the dynasty of David.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ When King Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he called together 180,000 of the best soldiers from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah. He intended to go to war and restore his control over the northern tribes of Israel.

King Jehoram of Judah

² But the Lord told the prophet Shemaiah

The Purification of the Temple

³ to give this message to King Rehoboam and to all the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin:

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ “Do not attack your own relatives. Go home, all of you. What has happened is my will.” They obeyed the Lord's command and did not go to fight Jeroboam.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Rehoboam remained in Jerusalem and had fortifications built for the following cities of Judah and Benjamin: ⁶ Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa,

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ Bethzur, Soco, Adullam, ⁸ Gath, Mareshah, Ziph,

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah,

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ Zorah, Aijalon, and Hebron.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ He had them strongly fortified and appointed a commander for each of them, and in each one he placed supplies of food, olive oil, and wine, ¹² and also shields and spears. In this way he kept Judah and Benjamin under his control.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ From all the territory of Israel priests and Levites came south to Judah. ¹⁴ The Levites abandoned their pastures and other land and moved to Judah and Jerusalem, because King Jeroboam of Israel and his successors would not let them serve as priests of the Lord.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ Jeroboam appointed priests of his own to serve at the pagan places of worship and to worship demons and the idols he made in the form of bull-calves. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ From all the tribes of Israel people who sincerely wanted to worship the Lord, the God of Israel, followed the Levites to Jerusalem, so that they could offer sacrifices to the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

War against Israel

¹⁷ This strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and for three years they supported Rehoboam son of Solomon and lived as they had under the rule of King David and King Solomon.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Rehoboam married Mahalath, whose father was Jerimoth son of David and whose mother was Abihail, the daughter of Eliab and granddaughter of Jesse. ¹⁹ They had three sons, Jeush, Shemariah, and Zaham. ²⁰ Later he married Maacah, the daughter of Absalom, and they had four sons: Abijah, Attai, Ziza, and Shelomith. ²¹ In all, Rehoboam had eighteen wives and sixty concubines, and he fathered twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters. Of all his wives and concubines he loved Maacah best,

The Sins of Ahaz

²² and he favored her son Abijah over all his other children, choosing him as the one to succeed him as king.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ Rehoboam wisely assigned responsibilities to his sons and stationed them throughout Judah and Benjamin in the fortified cities. He provided generously for them and also secured many wives for them.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ As soon as Rehoboam had established his authority as king, he and all his people abandoned the Law of the Lord.

King Jehoram of Judah

² In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign their disloyalty to the Lord was punished. King Shishak of Egypt attacked Jerusalem

The Purification of the Temple

³ with an army of twelve hundred chariots, sixty thousand cavalry, and more soldiers than could be counted, including Libyan, Sukkite, and Ethiopian troops.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He captured the fortified cities of Judah and advanced as far as Jerusalem.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Shemaiah the prophet went to King Rehoboam and the Judean leaders who had gathered in Jerusalem to escape Shishak. He said to them, “This is the Lord's message to you: ‘You have abandoned me, so now I have abandoned you to Shishak.’” ⁶ The king and the leaders admitted that they had sinned, and they said, “What the Lord is doing is just.”

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ When the Lord saw this, he spoke again to Shemaiah and said to him, “Because they admit their sin, I will not destroy them. But when Shishak attacks, they will barely survive. Jerusalem will not feel the full force of my anger, ⁸ but Shishak will conquer them, and they will learn the difference between serving me and serving earthly rulers.”

The Prophet Oded

⁹ King Shishak came to Jerusalem and took the treasures from the Temple and from the palace. He took everything, including the gold shields that King Solomon had made.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ To replace them, Rehoboam made bronze shields and entrusted them to the officers responsible for guarding the palace gates.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Every time the king went to the Temple, the guards carried the shields and then returned them to the guardroom. ¹² Because he submitted to the Lord, the Lord's anger did not completely destroy him, and things went well for Judah.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Rehoboam ruled in Jerusalem and increased his power as king. He was forty-one years old when he became king, and he ruled for seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the Lord had chosen from all the territory of Israel as the place where he was to be worshiped. Rehoboam's mother was Naamah, from the land of Ammon. ¹⁴ He did what was evil, because he did not try to find the Lord's will.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ Rehoboam's acts from beginning to end and his family records are found in The History of Shemaiah the Prophetand The History of Iddo the Prophet. Rehoboam and Jeroboam were constantly at war with each other. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ Rehoboam died and was buried in the royal tombs in David's City and his son Abijah succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ In the eighteenth year of the reign of King Jeroboam of Israel, Abijah became king of Judah,

King Jehoram of Judah

² and he ruled three years in Jerusalem. His mother was Micaiah daughter of Uriel, from the city of Gibeah. War broke out between Abijah and Jeroboam.

The Purification of the Temple

³ Abijah raised an army of 400,000 soldiers, and Jeroboam opposed him with an army of 800,000.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ The armies met in the hill country of Ephraim. King Abijah went up Mount Zemaraim and called out to Jeroboam and the Israelites: “Listen to me!” he said.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ “Don't you know that the Lord, the God of Israel, made an unbreakable covenant with David, giving him and his descendants kingship over Israel forever? ⁶ Jeroboam son of Nebat rebelled against Solomon, his king.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ Later he gathered together a group of worthless scoundrels, and they forced their will on Rehoboam son of Solomon, who was too young and inexperienced to resist them. ⁸ Now you propose to fight against the royal authority that the Lord gave to David's descendants. You have a huge army and have with you the gold bull-calves that Jeroboam made to be your gods.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ You drove out the Lord's priests, the descendants of Aaron, and you drove out the Levites. In their place you appointed priests in the same way that other nations do. Anybody who comes along with a bull or seven sheep can get himself consecrated as a priest of those so-called gods of yours.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ “But we still serve the Lord our God and have not abandoned him. Priests descended from Aaron perform their duties, and Levites assist them.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Every morning and every evening they offer him incense and animal sacrifices burned whole. They present the offerings of bread on a table that is ritually clean, and every evening they light the lamps on the gold lampstand. We do what the Lord has commanded, but you have abandoned him. ¹² God himself is our leader and his priests are here with trumpets, ready to blow them and call us to battle against you. People of Israel, don't fight against the Lord, the God of your ancestors! You can't win!”

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Meanwhile Jeroboam had sent some of his troops to ambush the Judean army from the rear, while the rest faced them from the front. ¹⁴ The Judeans looked around and saw that they were surrounded. They cried to the Lord for help, and the priests blew the trumpets.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ The Judeans gave a loud shout, and led by Abijah, they attacked; God defeated Jeroboam and the Israelite army. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ The Israelites fled from the Judeans, and God let the Judeans overpower them.

War against Israel

¹⁷ Abijah and his army dealt the Israelites a crushing defeat—half a million of Israel's best soldiers were killed.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ And so the people of Judah were victorious over Israel, because they relied on the Lord, the God of their ancestors. ¹⁹ Abijah pursued Jeroboam's army and occupied some of his cities: Bethel, Jeshanah, and Ephron, and the villages near each of these cities. ²⁰ Jeroboam never regained his power during Abijah's reign. Finally the Lord struck him down, and he died. ²¹ Abijah, however, grew more powerful. He had fourteen wives and fathered twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² The rest of the history of Abijah, what he said and what he did, is written in The History of Iddo the Prophet.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ King Abijah died and was buried in the royal tombs in David's City. His son Asa succeeded him as king, and under Asa the land enjoyed peace for ten years.

King Jehoram of Judah

² Asa pleased the Lord, his God, by doing what was right and good.

The Purification of the Temple

³ He removed the foreign altars and the pagan places of worship, broke down the sacred stone columns, and cut down the symbols of the goddess Asherah.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He commanded the people of Judah to do the will of the Lord, the God of their ancestors, and to obey his teachings and commands.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Because he abolished the pagan places of worship and the incense altars from all the cities of Judah, the kingdom was at peace under his rule. ⁶ He built fortifications for the cities of Judah during this time, and for several years there was no war, because the Lord gave him peace.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ He told the people of Judah, “Let us fortify the cities by building walls and towers, and gates that can be shut and barred. We have control of the land because we have done the will of the Lord our God. He has protected us and given us security on every side.” And so they built and prospered. ⁸ King Asa had an army of 300,000 men from Judah, armed with shields and spears, and 280,000 men from Benjamin, armed with shields and bows. All of them were brave, well-trained men.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ An Ethiopian named Zerah invaded Judah with an army of a million men and three hundred chariots and advanced as far as Mareshah.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ Asa went out to fight him, and both sides took up their positions at Zephathah Valley near Mareshah.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Asa prayed to the Lord his God, “O Lord, you can help a weak army as easily as a powerful one. Help us now, O Lord our God, because we are relying on you, and in your name we have come out to fight against this huge army. Lord, you are our God; no one can hope to defeat you.” ¹² The Lord defeated the Ethiopian army when Asa and the Judean army attacked them. They fled,

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ and Asa and his troops pursued them as far as Gerar. So many of the Ethiopians were killed that the army was unable to rally and fight. They were overpowered by the Lord and his army, and the army took large amounts of loot. ¹⁴ Then they were able to destroy the cities in the area around Gerar, because the people there were terrified of the Lord. The army plundered all those cities and captured large amounts of loot.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ They also attacked the camps of some shepherds, capturing large numbers of sheep and camels. Then they returned to Jerusalem. ^*

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ The spirit of God came upon Azariah son of Oded,

King Jehoram of Judah

² and he went to meet King Asa. He called out, “Listen to me, King Asa, and all you people of Judah and Benjamin! The Lord is with you as long as you are with him. If you look for him, he will let you find him, but if you turn away, he will abandon you.

The Purification of the Temple

³ For a long time Israel lived without the true God, without priests to teach them, and without a law.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ But when trouble came, they turned to the Lord, the God of Israel. They searched for him and found him.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ In those days no one could come and go in safety, because there was trouble and disorder in every land. ⁶ One nation oppressed another nation, and one city oppressed another city, because God was bringing trouble and distress on them.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ But you must be strong and not be discouraged. The work that you do will be rewarded.” ⁸ When Asa heard the prophecy that Azariah son of Oded had spoken, he was encouraged. He did away with all the idols in the land of Judah and Benjamin and all the idols in the cities he had captured in the hill country of Ephraim. He also repaired the altar of the Lord that stood in the Temple courtyard.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Many people had come over to Asa's side from Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon, and were living in his kingdom, because they had seen that the Lord was with him. Asa summoned all of them and the people of Judah and Benjamin.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ They assembled in Jerusalem in the third month of the fifteenth year that Asa was king.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ On that day they offered sacrifices to the Lord from the loot they had brought back: seven hundred head of cattle and seven thousand sheep. ¹² They made a covenant in which they agreed to worship the Lord, the God of their ancestors, with all their heart and soul.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Anyone, young or old, male or female, who did not worship him was to be put to death. ¹⁴ In a loud voice they took an oath in the Lord's name that they would keep the covenant, and then they shouted and blew trumpets.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ All the people of Judah were happy because they had made this covenant with all their heart. They took delight in worshiping the Lord, and he accepted them and gave them peace on every side. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ King Asa removed his grandmother Maacah from her position as queen mother, because she had made an obscene idol of the fertility goddess Asherah. Asa cut down the idol, chopped it up, and burned the pieces in Kidron Valley.

War against Israel

¹⁷ Even though Asa did not destroy all the pagan places of worship in the land, he remained faithful to the Lord all his life.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ He placed in the Temple all the objects his father Abijah had dedicated to God, as well as the gold and silver objects that he himself dedicated. ¹⁹ There was no more war until the thirty-fifth year of his reign.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ In the thirty-sixth year of the reign of King Asa of Judah, King Baasha of Israel invaded Judah and started to fortify Ramah in order to cut off all traffic in and out of Judah.

King Jehoram of Judah

² So Asa took silver and gold from the treasuries of the Temple and the palace and sent it to Damascus, to King Benhadad of Syria, with this message:

The Purification of the Temple

³ “Let us be allies, as our fathers were. This silver and gold is a present for you. Now break your alliance with King Baasha of Israel so that he will have to pull his troops out of my territory.”

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ Benhadad agreed to Asa's proposal and sent his commanding officers and their armies to attack the cities of Israel. They captured Ijon, Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and all the cities of Naphtali where supplies were stored.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ When King Baasha heard what was happening, he stopped fortifying Ramah and abandoned the work. ⁶ Then King Asa gathered men from throughout Judah and had them carry off the stones and timbers that Baasha had been using at Ramah, and they used them to fortify the cities of Geba and Mizpah.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ At that time the prophet Hanani went to King Asa and said, “Because you relied on the king of Syria instead of relying on the Lord your God, the army of the king of Israel has escaped from you. ⁸ Didn't the Ethiopians and the Libyans have large armies with many chariots and cavalry troops? But because you relied on the Lord, he gave you victory over them.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ The Lord keeps close watch over the whole world, to give strength to those whose hearts are loyal to him. You have acted foolishly, and so from now on you will always be at war.”

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ This made Asa so angry with the prophet that he had him put in chains. It was at this same time that Asa began treating some of the people cruelly.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ All the events of Asa's reign from beginning to end are recorded in The History of the Kings of Judah and Israel. ¹² In the thirty-ninth year that Asa was king, he was crippled by a severe foot disease; but even then he did not turn to the Lord for help, but to doctors.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Two years later he died ¹⁴ and was buried in the rock tomb which he had carved out for himself in David's City. They used spices and perfumed oils to prepare his body for burial, and they built a huge bonfire to mourn his death.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Jehoshaphat succeeded his father Asa as king and strengthened his position against Israel.

King Jehoram of Judah

² He stationed troops in the fortified cities of Judah, in the Judean countryside, and in the cities which Asa had captured in the territory of Ephraim.

The Purification of the Temple

³ The Lord blessed Jehoshaphat because he followed the example of his father's early life and did not worship Baal.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He served his father's God, obeyed God's commands, and did not act the way the kings of Israel did.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ The Lord gave Jehoshaphat firm control over the kingdom of Judah, and all the people brought him gifts, so that he became wealthy and highly honored. ⁶ He took pride in serving the Lord and destroyed all the pagan places of worship and the symbols of the goddess Asherah in Judah.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ In the third year of his reign he sent out the following officials to teach in the cities of Judah: Benhail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah. ⁸ They were accompanied by nine Levites and two priests. The Levites were Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tobadonijah; and the priests were Elishama and Jehoram.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ They took the book of the Law of the Lordand went through all the towns of Judah, teaching it to the people.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ The Lord made all the surrounding kingdoms afraid to go to war against King Jehoshaphat.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat a large amount of silver and other gifts, and some Arabs brought him 7,700 sheep and 7,700 goats. ¹² So Jehoshaphat continued to grow more and more powerful. Throughout Judah he built fortifications and cities,

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ where supplies were stored in huge amounts. In Jerusalem he stationed outstanding officers, ¹⁴ according to their clans. Adnah was the commander of the troops from the clans of Judah, and he had 300,000 soldiers under him.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ Second in rank was Jehohanan, with 280,000 soldiers, ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ and third was Amasiah son of Zichri, with 200,000. (Amasiah had volunteered to serve the Lord.)

War against Israel

¹⁷ The commander of the troops from the clans of Benjamin was Eliada, an outstanding soldier, in command of 200,000 men armed with shields and bows.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ His second in command was Jehozabad with 180,000 men, well-equipped for battle. ¹⁹ These soldiers served the king in Jerusalem, and in addition he stationed others in the other fortified cities of Judah.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ When King Jehoshaphat of Judah became rich and famous, he arranged a marriage between a member of his family and the family of King Ahab of Israel.

King Jehoram of Judah

² A number of years later Jehoshaphat went to the city of Samaria to visit Ahab. To honor Jehoshaphat and those with him, Ahab had a large number of sheep and cattle slaughtered for a feast. He tried to persuade Jehoshaphat to join him in attacking the city of Ramoth in Gilead.

The Purification of the Temple

³ He asked, “Will you go with me to attack Ramoth?” Jehoshaphat replied, “I am ready when you are, and so is my army. We will join you.”

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ Then he added, “But first let's consult the Lord.”

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ So Ahab called in the prophets, about four hundred of them, and asked them, “Should I go and attack Ramoth, or not?” “Attack it,” they answered. “God will give you victory.” ⁶ But Jehoshaphat asked, “Isn't there another prophet through whom we can consult the Lord?”

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ Ahab answered, “There is one more, Micaiah son of Imlah. But I hate him because he never prophesies anything good for me; it's always something bad.” “You shouldn't say that!” Jehoshaphat replied. ⁸ So King Ahab called in a court official and told him to go and get Micaiah at once.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ The two kings, dressed in their royal robes, were sitting on their thrones at the threshing place just outside the gate of Samaria, and all the prophets were prophesying in front of them.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ One of them, Zedekiah son of Chenaanah, made iron horns and said to Ahab, “This is what the Lord says, ‘With these you will fight the Syrians and totally defeat them.’”

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ All the other prophets said the same thing. “March against Ramoth and you will win,” they said. “The Lord will give you victory.” ¹² Meanwhile, the official who had gone to get Micaiah said to him, “All the other prophets have prophesied success for the king, and you had better do the same.”

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ But Micaiah answered, “By the living Lord I will say what my God tells me to!” ¹⁴ When he appeared before King Ahab, the king asked him, “Micaiah, should King Jehoshaphat and I go and attack Ramoth, or not?” “Attack!” Micaiah answered. “Of course you'll win. The Lord will give you victory.”

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ But Ahab replied, “When you speak to me in the name of the Lord, tell the truth! How many times do I have to tell you that?” ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ Micaiah answered, “I can see the army of Israel scattered over the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the Lord said, ‘These men have no leader; let them go home in peace.’”

War against Israel

¹⁷ Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “I told you that he never prophesies anything good for me; it's always something bad!”

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Micaiah went on: “Now listen to what the Lord says! I saw the Lord sitting on his throne in heaven, with all his angels standing beside him. ¹⁹ The Lord asked, ‘Who will deceive Ahab so that he will go and get killed at Ramoth?’ Some of the angels said one thing, and others said something else, ²⁰ until a spirit stepped forward, approached the Lord, and said, ‘I will deceive him.’ ‘How?’ the Lord asked. ²¹ The spirit replied, ‘I will go and make all of Ahab's prophets tell lies.’ The Lord said, ‘Go and deceive him. You will succeed.’”

The Sins of Ahaz

²² And Micaiah concluded: “This is what has happened. The Lord has made these prophets of yours lie to you. But he himself has decreed that you will meet with disaster!”

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ Then the prophet Zedekiah went up to Micaiah, slapped his face, and asked, “Since when did the Lord's spirit leave me and speak to you?” ²⁴ “You will find out when you go into some back room to hide,” Micaiah replied. ²⁵ Then King Ahab ordered one of his officers, “Arrest Micaiah and take him to Amon, the governor of the city, and to Prince Joash. ²⁶ Tell them to throw him in prison and to put him on bread and water until I return safely.” ²⁷ “If you return safely,” Micaiah exclaimed, “then the Lord has not spoken through me!” And he added, “Listen, everyone, to what I have said!”

The Death of Ahab

²⁸ Then King Ahab of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah went to attack the city of Ramoth in Gilead.

Summary of Solomon's Reign

²⁹ Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “As we go into battle, I will disguise myself, but you wear your royal garments.” So the king of Israel went into battle in disguise. ³⁰ The king of Syria had ordered his chariot commanders to attack no one else except the king of Israel.

The End of Jehoshaphat's Reign

³¹ So when they saw King Jehoshaphat, they all thought that he was the king of Israel, and they turned to attack him. But Jehoshaphat gave a shout, and the Lord God rescued him and turned the attack away from him. ³² The chariot commanders saw that he was not the king of Israel, so they stopped pursuing him. ³³ By chance, however, a Syrian soldier shot an arrow which struck King Ahab between the joints of his armor. “I'm wounded!” he cried out to his chariot driver. “Turn around and pull out of the battle!” ³⁴ While the battle raged on, King Ahab remained propped up in his chariot, facing the Syrians. At sunset he died.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ King Jehoshaphat of Judah returned safely to his palace in Jerusalem.

King Jehoram of Judah

² A prophet, Jehu son of Hanani, went to meet the king and said to him, “Do you think it is right to help those who are wicked and to take the side of those who hate the Lord? What you have done has brought the Lord's anger on you.

The Purification of the Temple

³ But even so, there is some good in you. You have removed all the symbols of the goddess Asherah which people worshiped, and you have tried to follow God's will.”

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ Even though King Jehoshaphat lived in Jerusalem, he traveled regularly among the people, from Beersheba in the south to the edge of the hill country of Ephraim in the north, in order to call the people back to the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ He appointed judges in each of the fortified cities of Judah ⁶ and instructed them: “Be careful in pronouncing judgment; you are not acting on human authority, but on the authority of the Lord, and he is with you when you pass sentence.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ Honor the Lord and act carefully, because the Lord our God does not tolerate fraud or partiality or the taking of bribes.” ⁸ In Jerusalem Jehoshaphat appointed Levites, priests, and some of the leading citizens as judges in cases involving a violation of the Law of the Lord or legal disputes between inhabitants of the city.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ He gave them the following instructions: “You must perform your duties in reverence for the Lord, faithfully obeying him in everything you do.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ Whenever your fellow citizens from any of the cities bring before you a case of homicide or any other violation of a law or commandment, you must instruct them carefully how to conduct themselves during the trial, so that they do not become guilty of sinning against the Lord. Unless you do, you and your fellow citizens will feel the force of the Lord's anger. But if you do your duty, you will not be guilty.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Amariah the High Priest will have final authority in all religious cases, and Zebadiah son of Ishmael, governor of Judah, will have final authority in all civil cases. The Levites have the responsibility of seeing that the decisions of the courts are carried out. Be courageous and carry out these instructions, and may the Lord be on the side of the right!”

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Some time later the armies of Moab and Ammon, together with their allies, the Meunites, invaded Judah.

King Jehoram of Judah

² Some messengers came and announced to King Jehoshaphat: “A large army from Edom has come from the other side of the Dead Sea to attack you. They have already captured Hazazon Tamar.” (This is another name for Engedi.)

The Purification of the Temple

³ Jehoshaphat was frightened and prayed to the Lord for guidance. Then he gave orders for a fast to be observed throughout the country.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ From every city of Judah people hurried to Jerusalem to ask the Lord for guidance,

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ and they and the people of Jerusalem gathered in the new courtyard of the Temple. King Jehoshaphat went and stood before them ⁶ and prayed aloud, “O Lord God of our ancestors, you rule in heaven over all the nations of the world. You are powerful and mighty, and no one can oppose you.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ You are our God. When your people Israel moved into this land, you drove out the people who were living here and gave the land to the descendants of Abraham, your friend, to be theirs forever. ⁸ They have lived here and have built a temple to honor you, knowing

The Prophet Oded

⁹ that if any disaster struck them to punish them—a war, an epidemic, or a famine—then they could come and stand in front of this Temple where you are worshiped. They could pray to you in their trouble, and you would hear them and rescue them.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ “Now the people of Ammon, Moab, and Edom have attacked us. When our ancestors came out of Egypt, you did not allow them to enter those lands, so our ancestors went around them and did not destroy them.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ This is how they repay us—they come to drive us out of the land that you gave us. ¹² You are our God! Punish them, for we are helpless in the face of this large army that is attacking us. We do not know what to do, but we look to you for help.”

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ All the men of Judah, with their wives and children, were standing there at the Temple. ¹⁴ The spirit of the Lord came upon a Levite who was present in the crowd. His name was Jahaziel son of Zechariah; he was a member of the clan of Asaph and was descended from Asaph through Mattaniah, Jeiel, and Benaiah.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ Jahaziel said, “Your Majesty and all you people of Judah and Jerusalem, the Lord says that you must not be discouraged or be afraid to face this large army. The battle depends on God, not on you. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ Attack them tomorrow as they come up the pass at Ziz. You will meet them at the end of the valley that leads to the wild country near Jeruel.

War against Israel

¹⁷ You will not have to fight this battle. Just take up your positions and wait; you will see the Lord give you victory. People of Judah and Jerusalem, do not hesitate or be afraid. Go out to battle, and the Lord will be with you!”

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Then King Jehoshaphat bowed low, with his face touching the ground, and all the people bowed with him and worshiped the Lord. ¹⁹ The members of the Levite clans of Kohath and Korah stood up and with a loud shout praised the Lord, the God of Israel. ²⁰ Early the next morning the people went out to the wild country near Tekoa. As they were starting out, Jehoshaphat addressed them with these words: “People of Judah and Jerusalem! Put your trust in the Lord your God, and you will stand your ground. Believe what his prophets tell you, and you will succeed.” ²¹ After consulting with the people, the king ordered some musicians to put on the robes they wore on sacred occasions and to march ahead of the army, singing: “Praise the Lord! His love is eternal!”

The Sins of Ahaz

²² When they began to sing, the Lord threw the invading armies into a panic.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ The Ammonites and the Moabites attacked the Edomite army and completely destroyed it, and then they turned on each other in savage fighting. ²⁴ When the Judean army reached a tower that was in the desert, they looked toward the enemy and saw that they were all lying on the ground dead. Not one had escaped. ²⁵ Jehoshaphat and his troops moved in to take the loot, and they found many cattle, supplies, clothing, and other valuable objects. They spent three days gathering the loot, but there was so much that they could not take everything. ²⁶ On the fourth day they assembled in Beracah Valley and praised the Lord for all he had done. That is why the valley is called “Beracah.” ²⁷ Jehoshaphat led his troops back to Jerusalem in triumph, because the Lord had defeated their enemies.

The Death of Ahab

²⁸ When they reached the city, they marched to the Temple to the music of harps and trumpets.

Summary of Solomon's Reign

²⁹ Every nation that heard how the Lord had defeated Israel's enemies was terrified, ³⁰ so Jehoshaphat ruled in peace, and God gave him security on every side.

The End of Jehoshaphat's Reign

³¹ Jehoshaphat had become king of Judah at the age of thirty-five and had ruled in Jerusalem for twenty-five years. His mother was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi. ³² Like his father Asa before him, he did what was right in the sight of the Lord; ³³ but the pagan places of worship were not destroyed. The people still did not turn wholeheartedly to the worship of the God of their ancestors. ³⁴ Everything else that Jehoshaphat did, from the beginning of his reign to its end, is recorded in The History of Jehu Son of Hananiwhich is a part of The History of the Kings of Israel. ³⁵ At one time King Jehoshaphat of Judah made an alliance with King Ahaziah of Israel, who did many wicked things. ³⁶ At the port of Eziongeber they built ocean-going ships. ³⁷ But Eliezer son of Dodavahu, from the town of Mareshah, warned Jehoshaphat, “Because you have made an alliance with Ahaziah, the Lord will destroy what you have built.” And the ships were wrecked and never sailed.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Jehoshaphat died and was buried in the royal tombs in David's City and his son Jehoram succeeded him as king.

King Jehoram of Judah

² Jehoram son of King Jehoshaphat of Judah had six brothers: Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah.

The Purification of the Temple

³ Their father gave them large amounts of gold, silver, and other valuable possessions, and placed each one in charge of one of the fortified cities of Judah. But because Jehoram was the oldest, Jehoshaphat made him his successor.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ When Jehoram was in firm control of the kingdom, he had all his brothers killed, and also some Israelite officials.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Jehoram became king at the age of thirty-two, and he ruled in Jerusalem for eight years. ⁶ He followed the wicked example of King Ahab and the other kings of Israel, because he had married one of Ahab's daughters. He sinned against the Lord,

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ but the Lord was not willing to destroy the dynasty of David, because he had made a covenant with David and promised that his descendants would always continue to rule. ⁸ During Jehoram's reign Edom revolted against Judah and became an independent kingdom.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ So Jehoram and his officers set out with chariots and invaded Edom. There the Edomite army surrounded them, but during the night they managed to break out and escape.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ Edom has been independent of Judah ever since. During this same period the city of Libnah also revolted, because Jehoram had abandoned the Lord, the God of his ancestors.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ He even built pagan places of worship in the Judean highlands and led the people of Judah and Jerusalem to sin against the Lord. ¹² The prophet Elijah sent Jehoram a letter, which read as follows: “The Lord, the God of your ancestor David, condemns you, because you did not follow the example of your father, King Jehoshaphat, or that of your grandfather, King Asa.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Instead, you have followed the example of the kings of Israel and have led the people of Judah and Jerusalem into being unfaithful to God, just as Ahab and his successors led Israel into unfaithfulness. You even murdered your brothers, who were better men than you are. ¹⁴ As a result, the Lord will severely punish your people, your children, and your wives, and will destroy your possessions.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ You yourself will suffer a painful intestinal disease that will grow worse day by day.” ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ Some Philistines and Arabs lived near where some Ethiopians had settled along the coast. The Lord caused them to go to war against Jehoram.

War against Israel

¹⁷ They invaded Judah, looted the royal palace, and carried off as prisoners all the king's wives and sons except Ahaziah, his youngest son.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Then after all this, the Lord brought on the king a painful disease of the intestines. ¹⁹ For almost two years it grew steadily worse until finally the king died in agony. His subjects did not light a bonfire in mourning for him as had been done for his ancestors. ²⁰ Jehoram had become king at the age of thirty-two and had ruled in Jerusalem for eight years. Nobody was sorry when he died. They buried him in David's City, but not in the royal tombs.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Some Arabs had led a raid and killed all of King Jehoram's sons except Ahaziah, the youngest. So now the people of Jerusalem made Ahaziah king as his father's successor.

King Jehoram of Judah

² -3 Ahaziah became king at the age of twenty-two, and he ruled in Jerusalem for one year. Ahaziah also followed the example of King Ahab's family, since his mother Athaliah—the daughter of King Ahab and granddaughter of King Omri of Israel—gave him advice that led him into evil.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He sinned against the Lord, because after his father's death other members of King Ahab's family became his advisers, and they led to his downfall.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ Following their advice, he joined King Joram of Israel in a war against King Hazael of Syria. The armies clashed at Ramoth in Gilead, and Joram was wounded in battle. ⁶ He returned to the city of Jezreel to recover from his wounds, and Ahaziah went there to visit him.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ God used this visit to Joram to bring about Ahaziah's downfall. While Ahaziah was there, he and Joram were confronted by a man named Jehu son of Nimshi, whom the Lord had chosen to destroy the dynasty of Ahab. ⁸ As Jehu was carrying out God's sentence on the dynasty, he came across a group made up of Judean leaders and of Ahaziah's nephews that had accompanied Ahaziah on his visit. Jehu killed them all.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ A search was made for Ahaziah, and he was found hiding in Samaria. They took him to Jehu and put him to death. But they did bury his body out of respect for his grandfather King Jehoshaphat, who had done all he could to serve the Lord. No member of Ahaziah's family was left who could rule the kingdom.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ As soon as King Ahaziah's mother Athaliah learned of her son's murder, she gave orders for all the members of the royal family of Judah to be killed.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Ahaziah had a half sister, Jehosheba, who was married to a priest named Jehoiada. She secretly rescued one of Ahaziah's sons, Joash, took him away from the other princes who were about to be murdered and hid him and a nurse in a bedroom at the Temple. By keeping him hidden, she saved him from death at the hands of Athaliah. ¹² For six years he remained there in hiding, while Athaliah ruled as queen.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ After waiting six years Jehoiada the priest decided that it was time to take action. He made a pact with five army officers: Azariah son of Jeroham, Ishmael son of Jehohanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zichri.

King Jehoram of Judah

² They traveled to all the cities of Judah and brought back with them to Jerusalem the Levites and all the heads of the clans.

The Purification of the Temple

³ They all gathered in the Temple, and there they made a covenant with Joash, the king's son. Jehoiada said to them, “Here is the son of the late king. He is now to be king, as the Lord promised that King David's descendants would be.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ This is what we will do. When the priests and Levites come on duty on the Sabbath, one third of them will guard the Temple gates,

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ another third will guard the royal palace, and the rest will be stationed at the Foundation Gate. All the people will assemble in the Temple courtyard. ⁶ No one is to enter the Temple buildings except the priests and the Levites who are on duty. They may enter, because they are consecrated, but the rest of the people must obey the Lord's instructions and stay outside.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ The Levites are to stand guard around the king, with their swords drawn, and are to stay with the king wherever he goes. Anyone who tries to enter the Temple is to be killed.” ⁸ The Levites and the people of Judah carried out Jehoiada's instructions. The men were not dismissed when they went off duty on the Sabbath, so the commanders had available both those coming on duty and those going off.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Jehoiada gave the officers the spears and shields that had belonged to King David and had been kept in the Temple.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ He stationed the men with drawn swords all around the front of the Temple, to protect the king.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Then Jehoiada led Joash out, placed the crown on his head, and gave him a copy of the laws governing kingship. And so he was made king. Jehoiada the priest and his sons anointed Joash, and everyone shouted, “Long live the king!” ¹² Athaliah heard the people cheering for the king, so she hurried to the Temple, where the crowd had gathered.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ There she saw the new king at the Temple entrance, standing by the column reserved for kings and surrounded by the army officers and the trumpeters. All the people were shouting joyfully and blowing trumpets, and the Temple musicians with their instruments were leading the celebration. She tore her clothes in distress and shouted, “Treason! Treason!” ¹⁴ Jehoiada did not want Athaliah killed in the Temple area, so he called out the army officers and said, “Take her out between the rows of guards, and kill anyone who tries to rescue her.”

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ They seized her, took her to the palace, and there at the Horse Gate they killed her. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ The priest Jehoiada had King Joash and the people join him in making a covenant that they would be the Lord's people.

War against Israel

¹⁷ Then they all went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols there and killed Mattan, the priest of Baal, in front of the altars.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Jehoiada put the priests and Levites in charge of the work of the Temple. They were to carry out the duties assigned to them by King David and to burn the sacrifices offered to the Lord in accordance with the Law of Moses. They were also in charge of the music and the celebrations. ¹⁹ Jehoiada also put guards on duty at the Temple gates to keep out anyone who was ritually unclean. ²⁰ The army officers, the leading citizens, the officials, and all the rest of the people joined Jehoiada in a procession that brought the king from the Temple to the palace. They entered by the main gate, and the king took his place on the throne. ²¹ All the people were filled with happiness, and the city was quiet, now that Athaliah had been killed.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Joash became king of Judah at the age of seven, and he ruled in Jerusalem for forty years. His mother was Zibiah from the city of Beersheba.

King Jehoram of Judah

² He did what was pleasing to the Lord as long as Jehoiada the priest was alive.

The Purification of the Temple

³ Jehoiada chose two wives for King Joash, and they bore him sons and daughters.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ After he had been king for a while, Joash decided to have the Temple repaired.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ He ordered the priests and the Levites to go to the cities of Judah and collect from all the people enough money to make the annual repairs on the Temple. He told them to act promptly, but the Levites delayed, ⁶ so he called in Jehoiada, their leader, and demanded, “Why haven't you seen to it that the Levites collect from Judah and Jerusalem the tax which Moses, the servant of the Lord, required the people to pay for support of the Tent of the Lord's presence?” (

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ The followers of Athaliah, that corrupt woman, had damaged the Temple and had used many of the sacred objects in the worship of Baal.) ⁸ The king ordered the Levites to make a box for contributions and to place it at the Temple gate.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ They sent word throughout Jerusalem and Judah for everyone to bring to the Lord the tax which Moses, God's servant, had first collected in the wilderness.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ This pleased the people and their leaders, and they brought their tax money and filled the box with it.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Every day the Levites would take the box to the royal official who was in charge of it. Whenever it was full, the royal secretary and the High Priest's representative would take the money out and return the box to its place. And so they collected a large sum of money. ¹² The king and Jehoiada would give the money to those who were in charge of repairing the Temple, and they hired stonemasons, carpenters, and metalworkers to make the repairs.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ All of them worked hard, and they restored the Temple to its original condition, as solid as ever. ¹⁴ When the repairs were finished, the remaining gold and silver was given to the king and Jehoiada, who used it to have bowls and other utensils made for the Temple. As long as Jehoiada was alive, sacrifices were offered regularly at the Temple.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ After reaching the very old age of a hundred and thirty, he died. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ They buried him in the royal tombs in David's City in recognition of the service he had done for the people of Israel, for God, and for the Temple.

War against Israel

¹⁷ But once Jehoiada was dead, the leaders of Judah persuaded King Joash to listen to them instead.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ And so the people stopped worshiping in the Temple of the Lord, the God of their ancestors, and began to worship idols and the images of the goddess Asherah. Their guilt for these sins brought the Lord's anger on Judah and Jerusalem. ¹⁹ The Lord sent prophets to warn them to return to him, but the people refused to listen. ²⁰ Then the spirit of God took control of Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest. He stood where the people could see him and called out, “The Lord God asks why you have disobeyed his commands and are bringing disaster on yourselves! You abandoned him, so he has abandoned you!” ²¹ King Joash joined in a conspiracy against Zechariah, and on the king's orders the people stoned Zechariah in the Temple courtyard.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² The king forgot about the loyal service that Zechariah's father Jehoiada had given him, and he had Zechariah killed. As Zechariah was dying, he called out, “May the Lord see what you are doing and punish you!”

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ When autumn came that year, the Syrian army attacked Judah and Jerusalem, killed all the leaders, and took large amounts of loot back to Damascus. ²⁴ The Syrian army was small, but the Lord let them defeat a much larger Judean army because the people had abandoned him, the Lord God of their ancestors. In this way King Joash was punished. ²⁵ He was severely wounded, and when the enemy withdrew, two of his officials plotted against him and killed him in his bed to avenge the murder of the son of Jehoiada the priest. He was buried in David's City, but not in the royal tombs. ( ²⁶ Those who plotted against him were Zabad, the son of an Ammonite woman named Shimeath, and Jehozabad, the son of a Moabite woman named Shimrith.) ²⁷ The commentary on the book of Kingscontains the stories of the sons of Joash, the prophecies spoken against him, and the record of how he rebuilt the Temple. His son Amaziah succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Amaziah became king at the age of twenty-five, and he ruled in Jerusalem for twenty-nine years. His mother was Jehoaddin from Jerusalem.

King Jehoram of Judah

² He did what was pleasing to the Lord, but did it reluctantly.

The Purification of the Temple

³ As soon as he was firmly in power, he executed the officials who had murdered his father.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He did not, however, execute their children, but followed what the Lord had commanded in the Law of Moses: “Parents are not to be put to death for crimes committed by their children, and children are not to be put to death for crimes committed by their parents; people are to be put to death only for crimes they themselves have committed.”

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ King Amaziah organized all the men of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin into army units, according to the clans they belonged to, and placed officers in command of units of a thousand and units of a hundred. This included all men twenty years of age or older, 300,000 in all. They were picked troops, ready for battle, skilled in using spears and shields. ⁶ In addition, he hired 100,000 soldiers from Israel at a cost of about four tons of silver.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ But a prophet went to the king and said to him, “Don't take these Israelite soldiers with you. The Lord is not with these people from the Northern Kingdom. ⁸ You may think that they will make you stronger in battle, but it is God who has the power to give victory or defeat, and he will let your enemies defeat you.”

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Amaziah asked the prophet, “But what about all that silver I have already paid for them?” The prophet replied, “The Lord can give you back more than that!”

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ So Amaziah sent the hired troops away and told them to go home. At this they went home, bitterly angry with the people of Judah.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Amaziah summoned up his courage and led his army to Salt Valley. There they fought and killed ten thousand Edomite soldiers ¹² and captured another ten thousand. They took the prisoners to the top of the cliff at the city of Sela and threw them off, so that they were killed on the rocks below.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Meanwhile the Israelite soldiers that Amaziah had not allowed to go into battle with him attacked the Judean cities between Samaria and Beth Horon, killed three thousand men, and captured quantities of loot. ¹⁴ When Amaziah returned from defeating the Edomites, he brought their idols back with him, set them up, worshiped them, and burned incense to them.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ This made the Lord angry, so he sent a prophet to Amaziah. The prophet demanded, “Why have you worshiped foreign gods that could not even save their own people from your power?” ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ “Since when,” Amaziah interrupted, “have we made you adviser to the king? Stop talking, or I'll have you killed!” The prophet stopped, but not before saying, “Now I know that God has decided to destroy you because you have done all this and have ignored my advice.”

War against Israel

¹⁷ King Amaziah of Judah and his advisers plotted against Israel. He then sent a message to King Jehoash of Israel, who was the son of Jehoahaz and grandson of Jehu, challenging him to fight.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ Jehoash sent this answer to Amaziah: “Once a thorn bush in the Lebanon Mountains sent a message to a cedar: ‘Give your daughter in marriage to my son.’ A wild animal passed by and trampled the bush down. ¹⁹ Now Amaziah, you boast that you have defeated the Edomites, but I advise you to stay at home. Why stir up trouble that will only bring disaster on you and your people?” ²⁰ But Amaziah refused to listen. It was God's will for Amaziah to be defeated, because he had worshiped the Edomite idols. ²¹ So King Jehoash of Israel went into battle against King Amaziah of Judah. They met at Beth Shemesh in Judah,

The Sins of Ahaz

²² the Judean army was defeated, and the soldiers fled to their homes.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ Jehoash captured Amaziah and took him to Jerusalem. There he tore down the city wall from Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate, a distance of two hundred yards. ²⁴ He took back to Samaria as loot all the gold and silver in the Temple, the Temple equipment guarded by the descendants of Obed Edom, and the palace treasures. He also took hostages with him. ²⁵ King Amaziah of Judah outlived King Jehoash of Israel by fifteen years. ²⁶ All the other things that Amaziah did from the beginning to the end of his reign are recorded in The History of the Kings of Judah and Israel. ²⁷ Ever since the time when he rebelled against the Lord, there had been a plot against him in Jerusalem. Finally he fled to the city of Lachish, but his enemies followed him there and killed him.

The Death of Ahab

²⁸ His body was carried to Jerusalem on a horse, and he was buried in the royal tombs in David's City.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ All the people of Judah chose Amaziah's sixteen-year-old son Uzziah to succeed his father as king. (

King Jehoram of Judah

² It was after the death of Amaziah that Uzziah recaptured Elath and rebuilt the city.)

The Purification of the Temple

³ Uzziah became king at the age of sixteen, and he ruled in Jerusalem for fifty-two years. His mother was Jecoliah from Jerusalem.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ Following the example of his father, he did what was pleasing to the Lord.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ As long as Zechariah, his religious adviser, was living, he served the Lord faithfully, and God blessed him. ⁶ Uzziah went to war against the Philistines. He tore down the walls of the cities of Gath, Jamnia, and Ashdod, and built fortified cities near Ashdod and in the rest of Philistia.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ God helped him defeat the Philistines, the Arabs living at Gurbaal, and the Meunites. ⁸ The Ammonites paid tribute to Uzziah, and he became so powerful that his fame spread even to Egypt.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Uzziah strengthened the fortifications of Jerusalem by building towers at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate, and where the wall turned.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ He also built fortified towers in the open country and dug many cisterns, because he had large herds of livestock in the western foothills and plains. Because he loved farming, he encouraged the people to plant vineyards in the hill country and to farm the fertile land.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ He had a large army ready for battle. Its records were kept by his secretaries Jeiel and Maaseiah under the supervision of Hananiah, a member of the king's staff. ¹² The army was commanded by 2,600 officers.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ Under them were 307,500 soldiers able to fight effectively for the king against his enemies. ¹⁴ Uzziah supplied the army with shields, spears, helmets, coats of armor, bows and arrows, and stones for slinging.

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ In Jerusalem his inventors made equipment for shooting arrows and for throwing large stones from the towers and corners of the city wall. His fame spread everywhere, and he became very powerful because of the help he received from God. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ But when King Uzziah became strong, he grew arrogant, and that led to his downfall. He defied the Lord his God by going into the Temple to burn incense on the altar of incense.

War against Israel

¹⁷ Azariah the priest, accompanied by eighty strong and courageous priests, followed the king

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ to resist him. They said, “Uzziah! You have no right to burn incense to the Lord. Only the priests who are descended from Aaron have been consecrated to do this. Leave this holy place. You have offended the Lord God, and you no longer have his blessing.” ¹⁹ Uzziah was standing there in the Temple beside the incense altar and was holding an incense burner. He became angry with the priests, and immediately a dreaded skin disease broke out on his forehead. ²⁰ Azariah and the other priests stared at the king's forehead in horror and then forced him to leave the Temple. He hurried to get out, because the Lord had punished him. ²¹ For the rest of his life King Uzziah was ritually unclean because of his disease. Unable to enter the Temple again, he lived in his own house, relieved of all duties, while his son Jotham governed the country.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz recorded all the other things that King Uzziah did during his reign.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ Uzziah died and was buried in the royal burial ground, but because of his disease he was not buried in the royal tombs. His son Jotham succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Jotham became king at the age of twenty-five, and he ruled in Jerusalem for sixteen years. His mother was Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok.

King Jehoram of Judah

² He did what was pleasing to the Lord, just as his father had done; but unlike his father he did not sin by burning incense in the Temple. The people, however, went on sinning.

The Purification of the Temple

³ It was Jotham who built the North Gate of the Temple and did extensive work on the city wall in the area of Jerusalem called Ophel.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ In the mountains of Judah he built cities, and in the forests he built forts and towers.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ He fought against the king of Ammon and his army and defeated them. Then he forced the Ammonites to pay him the following tribute each year for three years: four tons of silver, fifty thousand bushels of wheat, and fifty thousand bushels of barley. ⁶ Jotham grew powerful because he faithfully obeyed the Lord his God.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ The other events of Jotham's reign, his wars, and his policies, are all recorded in The History of the Kings of Israel and Judah. ⁸ Jotham was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he ruled in Jerusalem for sixteen years.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ He died and was buried in David's City and his son Ahaz succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Ahaz became king at the age of twenty, and he ruled in Jerusalem for sixteen years. He did not follow the good example of his ancestor King David; instead, he did what was not pleasing to the Lord

King Jehoram of Judah

² and followed the example of the kings of Israel. He had metal images of Baal made,

The Purification of the Temple

³ burned incense in Hinnom Valley, and even sacrificed his own sons as burnt offerings to idols, imitating the disgusting practice of the people whom the Lord had driven out of the land as the Israelites advanced.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ At the pagan places of worship, on the hills, and under every shady tree Ahaz offered sacrifices and burned incense.

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ -6 Because King Ahaz sinned, the Lord his God let the king of Syria defeat him and take a large number of Judeans back to Damascus as prisoners. The Lord also let the king of Israel, Pekah son of Remaliah, defeat Ahaz and kill 120,000 of the bravest Judean soldiers in one day. The Lord, the God of their ancestors, permitted this to happen, because the people of Judah had abandoned him.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ An Israelite soldier named Zichri killed King Ahaz' son Maaseiah, the palace administrator Azrikam, and Elkanah, who was second in command to the king. ⁸ Even though the Judeans were their own relatives, the Israelite army captured 200,000 women and children as prisoners and took them back to Samaria, along with large amounts of loot.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ A man named Oded, a prophet of the Lord, lived in the city of Samaria. He met the returning Israelite army with its Judean prisoners as it was about to enter the city, and he said, “The Lord God of your ancestors was angry with Judah and let you defeat them, but now he has heard of the vicious way you slaughtered them.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ And now you intend to make the men and women of Jerusalem and Judah your slaves. Don't you know that you also have committed sins against the Lord your God?

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ Listen to me! These prisoners are your brothers and sisters. Let them go, or the Lord will punish you in his anger.” ¹² Four of the leading men of the Northern Kingdom, Azariah son of Jehohanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai also opposed the actions of the army.

King Solomon's Wealth

Priests and Levites Come to Judah

Summary of Rehoboam's Reign

¹³ They said, “Don't bring those prisoners here! We have already sinned against the Lord and made him angry enough to punish us. Now you want to do something that will increase our guilt.” ¹⁴ So then the army handed the prisoners and the loot over to the people and their leaders,

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ and the four men were appointed to provide the prisoners with clothing from the captured loot. They gave them clothes and sandals to wear, gave them enough to eat and drink, and put olive oil on their wounds. Those who were too weak to walk were put on donkeys, and all the prisoners were taken back to Judean territory at Jericho, the city of palm trees. Then the Israelites returned home to Samaria. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ -17 The Edomites began to raid Judah again and captured many prisoners, so King Ahaz asked Tiglath Pileser, the emperor of Assyria, to send help.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ At this same time the Philistines were raiding the towns in the western foothills and in southern Judah. They captured the cities of Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, and Gederoth, and the cities of Soco, Timnah, and Gimzo with their villages, and settled there permanently. ¹⁹ Because King Ahaz of Judah had violated the rights of his people and had defied the Lord, the Lord brought troubles on Judah. ²⁰ The Assyrian emperor, instead of helping Ahaz, opposed him and caused him trouble. ²¹ So Ahaz took the gold from the Temple, the palace, and the homes of the leaders of the people, and gave it to the emperor, but even this did not help.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² When his troubles were at their worst, that man Ahaz sinned against the Lord more than ever.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ He offered sacrifices to the gods of the Syrians, who had defeated him. He said, “The Syrian gods helped the kings of Syria, so if I sacrifice to them, they may help me too.” This brought disaster on him and on his nation. ²⁴ In addition, he took all the Temple equipment and broke it in pieces. He closed the Temple and set up altars in every part of Jerusalem. ²⁵ In every city and town in Judah he built pagan places of worship, where incense was to be burned to foreign gods. In this way he brought on himself the anger of the Lord, the God of his ancestors. ²⁶ All the other events of his reign, from beginning to end, are recorded in The History of the Kings of Judah and Israel. ²⁷ King Ahaz died and was buried in Jerusalem, but not in the royal tombs. His son Hezekiah succeeded him as king.

The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

The Northern Tribes Revolt

Shemaiah's Prophecy

An Egyptian Invasion of Judah

Abijah's War with Jeroboam

King Asa Defeats the Ethiopians

Asa's Reforms

Troubles with Israel

Jehoshaphat Becomes King

The Prophet Micaiah Warns Ahab

A Prophet Reprimands Jehoshaphat

War against Edom

King Ahaziah of Judah

The Revolt against Athaliah

King Joash of Judah

King Amaziah of Judah

King Uzziah of Judah

King Jotham of Judah

King Ahaz of Judah

King Hezekiah of Judah

¹ Hezekiah became king of Judah at the age of twenty-five, and he ruled in Jerusalem for twenty-nine years. His mother was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah.

King Jehoram of Judah

² Following the example of his ancestor King David, he did what was pleasing to the Lord.

The Purification of the Temple

³ In the first month of the year after Hezekiah became king, he reopened the gates of the Temple and had them repaired.

Jehoshaphat's Reforms

⁴ He assembled a group of priests and Levites in the east courtyard of the Temple

Rehoboam Fortifies the Cities

War against Edom

War with Syria and Israel

⁵ and spoke to them there. He said, “You Levites are to consecrate yourselves and purify the Temple of the Lord, the God of your ancestors. Remove from the Temple everything that defiles it. ⁶ Our ancestors were unfaithful to the Lord our God and did what was displeasing to him. They abandoned him and turned their backs on the place where he dwells.

The Prophet Hanani

⁷ They closed the doors of the Temple, let the lamps go out, and failed to burn incense or offer burnt offerings in the Temple of the God of Israel. ⁸ Because of this the Lord has been angry with Judah and Jerusalem, and what he has done to them has shocked and frightened everyone. You know this very well.

The Prophet Oded

⁹ Our fathers were killed in battle, and our wives and children have been taken away as prisoners.

Jehoshaphat's Greatness

Queen Athaliah of Judah

¹⁰ “I have now decided to make a covenant with the Lord, the God of Israel, so that he will no longer be angry with us.

The End of Asa's Reign

(1 Kings 15.23, 24)

¹¹ My sons, do not lose any time. You are the ones that the Lord has chosen to burn incense to him and to lead the people in worshiping him.” ¹² -14 The following Levites were there:
From the clan of Kohath, Mahath son of Amasai and Joel son of Azariah
From the clan of Merari, Kish son of Abdi and Azariah son of Jehallelel
From the clan of Gershon, Joah son of Zimmah and Eden son of Joah
From the clan of Elizaphan, Shimri and Jeuel
From the clan of Asaph, Zechariah and Mattaniah
From the clan of Heman, Jehuel and Shimei
From the clan of Jeduthun, Shemaiah and Uzziel

Jehoiada's Policies Are Reversed

¹⁵ These men assembled their fellow Levites, and they all made themselves ritually clean. Then, as the king had commanded them to do, they began to make the Temple ritually clean, according to the Law of the Lord. ^*

Jehoiada's Reforms

Uzziah Is Punished for His Pride

Ahaz Asks Assyria for Help

¹⁶ The priests went inside the Temple to purify it, and they carried out into the Temple courtyard everything that was ritually unclean. From there the Levites took it all outside the city to Kidron Valley.

War against Israel

¹⁷ The work was begun on the first day of the first month, and by the eighth day they had finished it all, including the entrance room to the Temple. Then they worked for the next eight days, until the sixteenth of the month, preparing the Temple for worship.

Rehoboam's Family

The Temple Is Rededicated

¹⁸ The Levites made the following report to King Hezekiah: “We have completed the ritual purification of the whole Temple, including the altar for burnt offerings, the table for the sacred bread, and all their equipment. ¹⁹ We have also brought back all the equipment which King Ahaz took away during those years he was unfaithful to God, and we have rededicated it. It is all in front of the Lord's altar.” ²⁰ Without delay King Hezekiah assembled the leading men of the city, and together they went to the Temple. ²¹ As an offering to take away the sins of the royal family and of the people of Judah and to purify the Temple, they took seven bulls, seven sheep, seven lambs, and seven goats. The king told the priests, who were descendants of Aaron, to offer the animals as sacrifices on the altar.

The Sins of Ahaz

²² The priests killed the bulls first, then the sheep, and then the lambs, and sprinkled the blood of each sacrifice on the altar.

The End of Joash's Reign

²³ Finally they took the goats to the king and to the other worshipers, who laid their hands on them. ²⁴ Then the priests killed the goats and poured their blood on the altar as a sacrifice to take away the sin of all the people, for the king had commanded that burnt offerings and sin offerings be made for all Israel. ²⁵ The king followed the instructions that the Lord had given to King David through Gad, the king's prophet, and through the prophet Nathan; he stationed Levites in the Temple, with harps and cymbals, ²⁶ instruments like those that King David had used. The priests also stood there with trumpets. ²⁷ Hezekiah gave the order for the burnt offering to be presented; and as the offering began, the people sang praise to the Lord, and the musicians began to play the trumpets and all the other instruments.

The Death of Ahab

²⁸ Everyone who was there joined in worship, and the singing and the rest of the music continued until all the sacrifices had been burned.

Summary of Solomon's Reign

²⁹ Then King Hezekiah and all the people knelt down and worshiped God. ³⁰ The king and the leaders of the nation told the Levites to sing to the Lord the songs of praise that were written by David and by Asaph the prophet. So everyone sang with great joy as they knelt and worshiped God.

The End of Jehoshaphat's Reign